Knee

A case of bilateral patellar osteochondrosis and fracture in a cat. Clinical and histological findings.
Authors: Palierne S, Palissier F, Raymond-Letron I, Autefage A.
Journal: VCOT

Fracture of the patella associated with bilateral osteochondrosis of the superior pole of the patella in a 14-week-old cat is reported with histological findings. Patellar osteochondrosis has been described in humans, horses, pigs, and dogs and is characterised by incomplete union of the ossification centres related to an abnormal process of endochondral ossification. However this disease has not yet been described in cats. Macroscopically, two main fragments separated by interposed tissue were identified on the left patella.

Category: Knee
The use of transarticular external skeletal fixation in the management of failed tibial tuberosity transposition in five dogs.
Authors: Higgins B, Coughlan A, Pettitt R, Macdonald N, Innes J, Owen M, Comerford E.
Journal: VCOT

The management of tibial tuberosity fracture-avulsion after tibial tuberosity transposition can be challenging. Implants must be able to resist the strong distractive force of the quadriceps mechanism, yet implant size is limited by the amount of tuberosity bone stock available. Revision fixation is compromised further by fragmentation of the tubercle. Five stifle joints had temporary transarticular external skeletal fixators applied to manage complications of tibial tuberosity transposition. Fracture reduction was confirmed in four out of five tibial tuberosity fractures.

Category: Fracture Fixation and Implants - Knee
Comparison of Short- and Long-term Function and Radiographic Osteoarthrosis in Dogs After Postoperative Physical Rehabilitation and Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy or Lateral Fabellar Suture Stabilization
Authors: KEVIN K. AU, BSc, BVMS 1 , WANDA J. GORDON-EVANS, DVM, PhD, Diplomate ACVS 1 , DIANNE DUNNING, DVM, MS, Diplomate ACVS 1 , KRISTEN J. O'DELL-ANDERSON, DVM, MS, Diplomate ACVR 1 , KIM E. KNAP, BS, CVT, CCRP 1 , DOMINIQUE GRIFFON, DVM, PhD, Diplomate ACVS &
Journal: Vet Surg

ABSTRACT
Objectives—To compare short- and long-term functional and radiographic outcome of cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) injury in dogs treated with postoperative physical rehabilitation and either tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) or lateral fabellar suture stabilization (LFS).
Study Design—Prospective observational clinical study.
Animals—Medium to large breed dogs with naturally occurring CrCL injury (n=65).

Category: Knee
Determination of the Mechanical Medial Proximal Tibial Angle Using a Tangential Radiographic Technique
Authors: RUTH J. LAMBERT, DVM 1 and KIRK L. WENDELBURG, DVM, Diplomate ACVS 1
Journal: Vet Surg

ABSTRACT
Objective—To assess whether there is a difference in the mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA) measured on a tangential caudocranial (tCdCr) radiographic projection versus a straight caudocranial (sCdCr) projection before and after inducing a varus deformity in the proximal tibia.
Study Design—In vitro study.
Sample Population—Cadaveric canine tibiae (n=4 pair).

Category: Deformity - Knee
Evaluation of Intra- and Interobserver Variability and Repeatability of Tibial Plateau Angle Measurements with Digital Radiography Using a Novel Digital Radiographic Program
Authors: MARCOS D. UNIS, DVM, MS 1 , ANN L. JOHNSON, DVM, MS, Diplomate ACVS 1 , DOMINIQUE J. GRIFFON, DVM, MS, PhD, Diplomate ECVS, & ACVS 1 , DAVID J. SCHAEFFER, PhD 1 , GUILLAUME R. RAGETLY, DVM 1 , MELISSA J. HOFFER, DVM 1 , and CHANTAL A. RAGETLY, DVM, MS 1
Journal: Vet Surg

ABSTRACT
Objective—To compare the intra- and interobserver variability occurring when observers with differing experience levels measure tibial plateau angles (TPAs) with a novel digital radiographic projection program (tibial plateau leveling osteotomy [TPLO] planning program), the Kodak Picture Archiving and Communications System (PACS), and standard sized printed films (SF).
Study Design—Cross-sectional study.
Sample Population—Dogs (n=36) with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture that had a TPLO.

Category: Imaging - Knee
Ex Vivo Comparison of Three Surgical Techniques to Stabilize Canine Cranial Cruciate Ligament Deficient Stifles
Authors: LYNNE A. SNOW, DVM 1,2,3,4 , RICK WHITE, DVM 1,2,3,4 , SCOTT GUSTAFSON, DVM, MS, Diplomate ACVS 1,2,3,4 , LIN XIE, BS 1,2,3,4 , GISELLE HOSGOOD, BVSc, MS, PhD, Diplomate ACVS 1,2,3,4 , W. TODD MONROE, PhD, PE 1,2,3,4 , JOHN P. CASEY, BS 1,2,3,4 , and MAND
Journal: Vet Surg

ABSTRACT
Objective—To quantify and compare canine stifle stability after 3 stabilization techniques.
Study Design—Randomized controlled study.
Sample Population—Adult canine cadaveric pelvic limbs.

Category: Knee
In Vitro Biomechanical Evaluation and Comparison of FiberWire, FiberTape, OrthoFiber, and Nylon Leader Line for Potential Use During Extraarticular Stabilization Of Canine Cruciate Deficient Stifles
Authors: RICHARD BURGESS, BVM&S 1,2 , STEVE ELDER, BS, MS, PhD 1,2 , RON McLAUGHLIN, DVM, DVSc, Diplomate ACVS 1,2 , and PETER CONSTABLE, BVSc, MS, PhD, Diplomate ACVIM 1,2
Journal: Vet Surg

ABSTRACT
Objective—To compare biomechanical properties of 3 new generation polyethylene sutures (FiberTape [FT], FiberWire [FW], and OrthoFiber [OF]) with nylon leader line (NL) for use during extraarticular fixation of cranial cruciate deficient stifles.
Study Design—In vitro biomechanical testing of suture loops under monotonic tensile and cyclical loading until failure.
Sample Population—Constructs of FT, FW, OF, and NL.

Category: Knee
Long-term outcomes of thigh circumference, stifle range-of-motion, and lameness after unilateral tibial plateau levelling osteotomy.
Authors: Moeller EM, Allen DA, Wilson ER, Lineberger JA, Lehenbauer T.
Journal: VCOT

Our study evaluated thigh circumference (TC), stifle range of motion (ROM), and lameness in dogs one to five years after unilateral tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO). We hypothesised that TC, stifle ROM, and lameness would not be different to the unoperated limb (control), one to five years after surgery. Patients that were one to five years post-TPLO were reviewed and were included if they had a unilateral TPLO, and no additional clinical evidence of orthopaedic disease. Standing mid-thigh TC measurements and stifle extension and flexion angles were made in triplicate.

Category: Knee
Management of concurrent patellar luxation and cranial cruciate ligament rupture using modified tibial plateau levelling.
Authors: Langenbach A, Marcellin-Little DJ.
Journal: JSAP

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate a novel surgery aimed at managing concurrent medial patellar luxation (MPL) and cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) ruptures in dogs weighing more than 30 kg. METHODS: Tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) and femoral trochleopasty were performed. The principal tibial fragment was laterally translated by 3 to 6 mm and was externally and abaxially rotated to create a wedge measuring 1.5 to 2.5 mm at the medial and cranial aspect and 1 to 3 mm at the medial and distal aspect of the tibial plateau fragment. The fragments were stabilised with a narrow TPLO plate.

Category: Knee
Mechanical Evaluation of Hydrogen Peroxide Gas Plasma Sterilization of Nylon Lines Used for Extra-Articular Stabilization of the Canine Stifle Joint
Authors: MATTHIEU GATINEAU, DMV 1 , LOUIS HUNEAULT, DMV, MSc, Diplomate ACVS 1 , BERTRAND LUSSIER, DMV, MSc, Diplomate ACVS 1 , and JOSIANE LEFEVRE-LAVOIE, MSc 1
Journal: Vet Surg

ABSTRACT
Objective—To compare the effects of hydrogen peroxide gas plasma (HPGP) and ethylene oxide (EO) sterilizations on the mechanical properties of nylon lines used for stabilization of the canine stifle. Secondarily, to compare the performance of crimped and knotted lines.
Study Design—In vitro mechanical evaluation.
Sample Population—Nonsterilized, EO- and HPGP-sterilized specimens of 36.3 kg test nylon leader line (NLL) and 57.8 kg test nylon fishing line (NFL).

Category: Fracture Fixation and Implants - Knee