Equine

Reference values could function as a tool to discriminate between physiological and abnormal conditions such as congenital contractural conditions

A valid and repeatable tool for evaluation of the range of motion of multipe joints in standing, sedated healthy horses

Ttendon sheaths and the carpal sheath in particular appear to have higher odds of developing sepsis following endoscopic surgery

The caudolateral approach for centesis of the equine elbow joint, performed by inserting a needle 3.8-cm, was found to be reliable.

The surgical approach and placement of modified kerf-cut cylinderswere successfully achieved with minimal signs of postoperative pain and a short rehabilitation time period

A good treatment option for horses with large extensor process fragmentation

The surgical approach and placement were successfully achieved with minimal signs of postoperative pain and a short rehabilitation time period in normal horses.

A feasible and safe diagnostic test for evaluation of the equine distal limb

Evaluation of both pelvic rise and fall may be important when assessing hind limb lameness in horses

Normal variations in shape, echogenicity and fibre pattern of the ligaments are important considerations to prevent false positive diagnoses during ultrasonography